BIOSGD – Learn Biological Science with Santigopal Das

 

MCQ Test: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Total Questions: 57

Topic 1: Structure of a typical flower

1. Which of the following is the innermost whorl of a flower?

a) Calyx

b) Corolla

c) Androecium

d) Gynoecium

The gynoecium (pistil) is the innermost whorl of a flower, consisting of the female reproductive parts (carpels).

2. The function of the calyx in a flower is to:

a) Attract insects

b) Protect the flower in bud stage

c) Produce pollen

d) Produce nectar

The calyx (sepals) primarily protects the flower bud before it opens.

3. Which part of the flower bears the ovules?

a) Anther

b) Ovary

c) Style

d) Filament

The ovary contains ovules which develop into seeds after fertilization.

Topic 2: Flower as site of sexual reproduction

4. A flower is considered a modified:

a) Stem

b) Leaf

c) Root

d) Bud

A flower is considered a modified shoot (stem) with specialized parts for reproduction.

5. Which part of the flower is directly involved in reproduction?

a) Calyx and corolla

b) Petal and sepal

c) Androecium and gynoecium

d) Thalamus and pedicel

Androecium (male) and gynoecium (female) are the reproductive parts of a flower.

6. The reproductive units of a flower are:

a) Sepals and petals

b) Pollen and ovule

c) Ovary and style

d) Filament and anther

Pollen (male) and ovule (female) are the actual reproductive units that fuse during fertilization.

Topic 3: Pre-fertilization: Structure and Events

7. Which of the following events happens during pre-fertilization?

a) Zygote formation

b) Embryo formation

c) Gamete formation

d) Seed dispersal

Pre-fertilization events include gamete formation (gametogenesis) and transfer.

8. What are the two main processes in pre-fertilization events?

a) Fertilization and embryo development

b) Pollination and seed formation

c) Gametogenesis and gamete transfer

d) Fruit formation and ovule development

Pre-fertilization involves gametogenesis (formation of gametes) and gamete transfer (pollination).

9. Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma is called:

a) Fertilization

b) Pollination

c) Microsporogenesis

d) Megasporogenesis

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma, preceding fertilization.

Topic 4: Structure of stamen

10. The male reproductive organ of a flower is known as:

a) Pistil

b) Ovary

c) Stamen

d) Style

Stamen is the male reproductive organ consisting of anther and filament.

11. A stamen consists of:

a) Ovary and style

b) Filament and anther

c) Pollen and stigma

d) Calyx and corolla

Stamen has two parts: filament (stalk) and anther (pollen-producing part).

12. The part of stamen where pollen is produced is:

a) Filament

b) Anther

c) Ovary

d) Style

Anther is the pollen-producing part of the stamen, typically two-lobed.

Topic 5: Structure of anther

13. A typical anther is:

a) Monothecous and bisporangiate

b) Dithecous and tetrasporangiate

c) Dithecous and monosporangiate

d) Monothecous and tetrasporangiate

A typical anther is dithecous (two lobes) and tetrasporangiate (four pollen sacs).

14. Which of the following layers in an anther performs a nutritive function?

a) Epidermis

b) Endothecium

c) Tapetum

d) Middle layers

Tapetum is the innermost nutritive layer that provides nourishment to developing pollen.

15. The outermost layer of the anther wall is:

a) Tapetum

b) Endothecium

c) Epidermis

d) Middle layer

Epidermis is the outermost protective layer of the anther wall.

Topic 6: Microsporogenesis

16. Microsporogenesis leads to the formation of:

a) Embryo

b) Pollen mother cells

c) Pollen grains

d) Megaspores

Microsporogenesis is the formation of microspores (pollen grains) from microspore mother cells.

17. The process of formation of microspores from PMC is:

a) Mitosis

b) Meiosis

c) Fertilization

d) Pollination

Pollen mother cells (PMCs) undergo meiosis to form haploid microspores.

18. Pollen tetrads are formed as a result of:

a) Binary fission

b) Meiosis

c) Mitosis

d) Fertilization

Meiosis of a pollen mother cell produces four haploid microspores (tetrad).

Topic 7: Development of male gametophyte

19. Exine of pollen grain is composed of:

a) Cellulose

b) Cutin

c) Sporopollenin

d) Lignin

Exine, the outer layer of pollen, contains sporopollenin - one of the most resistant organic materials.

20. The generative cell in a pollen grain gives rise to:

a) Two synergids

b) Two male gametes

c) Embryo

d) Central cell

Generative cell divides to form two male gametes involved in double fertilization.

21. How many cells and nuclei are present in a mature pollen grain?

a) 1 cell, 1 nucleus

b) 2 cells, 2 nuclei

c) 2 cells, 3 nuclei

d) 3 cells, 3 nuclei

Mature pollen has a vegetative cell and a generative cell (which later divides into two gametes).

Topic 8: Pollen viability and economic importance

22. Pollen viability refers to:

a) Ability of pollen to form fruit

b) Ability to form male gametes

c) Functional longevity of pollen

d) Lifespan of flower

Pollen viability is the duration pollen remains functional (capable of fertilization).

23. Pollen of which plant remains viable for months?

a) Rice

b) Wheat

c) Rosaceae

d) Date palm

Date palm pollen can remain viable for months under proper storage conditions.

24. Pollen tablets are commercially used as:

a) Fertilizers

b) Protein supplements

c) Preservatives

d) Insecticides

Pollen is rich in proteins and nutrients, used as dietary supplements.

Topic 9: Structure of Pistil

25. The female reproductive organ of a flower is called:

a) Ovary

b) Pistil

c) Stigma

d) Style

Pistil (gynoecium) is the female reproductive part consisting of stigma, style and ovary.

26. Which part of the pistil receives pollen grains?

a) Style

b) Ovule

c) Ovary

d) Stigma

Stigma is the receptive surface that receives and recognizes compatible pollen.

27. The ovary contains:

a) Pollen grains

b) Ovules

c) Embryo sac

d) Filament

Ovary contains ovules which after fertilization develop into seeds.

Topic 10: Structure of ovule

28. Which part of the ovule connects it to the placenta?

a) Micropyle

b) Hilum

c) Funicle

d) Chalaza

Funicle is the stalk that attaches the ovule to the placenta in the ovary.

29. In a mature ovule, the opening for entry of pollen tube is called:

a) Hilum

b) Micropyle

c) Chalaza

d) Nucellus

Micropyle is the small opening in the integuments through which pollen tube enters.

30. The innermost part of the ovule where embryo sac is located is:

a) Integument

b) Funicle

c) Nucellus

d) Chalaza

Nucellus is the central tissue of ovule containing the embryo sac.

Topic 11: Megasporogenesis

31. Megasporogenesis results in the formation of:

a) Ovary

b) Egg cell

c) Megaspore

d) Ovule

Megasporogenesis produces megaspores from megaspore mother cell (MMC).

32. A single functional megaspore develops from:

a) Ovary

b) Ovule

c) MMC (Megaspore Mother Cell)

d) Embryo sac

MMC undergoes meiosis to form four megaspores, with one becoming functional.

33. How many megaspores are produced from one megaspore mother cell?

a) 2

b) 4

c) 8

d) 1

Meiosis of MMC produces four haploid megaspores (only one typically survives).

Topic 12: Development of female gametophyte

34. The typical embryo sac is:

a) 8-celled, 7-nucleate

b) 7-celled, 8-nucleate

c) 6-celled, 8-nucleate

d) 8-celled, 8-nucleate

Most common (Polygonum type) embryo sac has 7 cells (8 nuclei - central cell has 2 nuclei).

35. The central cell of embryo sac contains:

a) One nucleus

b) Two nuclei

c) Three nuclei

d) One nucleus and one cell

Central cell contains two polar nuclei that fuse with a sperm to form endosperm.

36. Which of the following is NOT part of embryo sac?

a) Synergids

b) Antipodals

c) Tapetum

d) Egg cell

Tapetum is part of anther wall, not embryo sac which has egg, synergids, antipodals and central cell.

Topic 13: Types of Pollination

37. Pollination in cleistogamous flowers is:

a) Autogamy

b) Geitonogamy

c) Xenogamy

d) None

Cleistogamous flowers don't open and ensure autogamy (self-pollination).

38. Transfer of pollen between different flowers of the same plant is called:

a) Autogamy

b) Geitonogamy

c) Xenogamy

d) Allogamy

Geitonogamy is pollination between flowers of same plant (genetically similar to autogamy).

39. Which of the following ensures genetic diversity?

a) Autogamy

b) Cleistogamy

c) Geitonogamy

d) Xenogamy

Xenogamy (cross-pollination between different plants) brings genetic variation.

Topic 14: Pollen-Pistil Interaction

40. The pollen tube grows through the:

a) Style

b) Ovary

c) Ovule

d) Micropyle

Pollen tube grows down through the style to reach the ovary.

41. The recognition between pollen and stigma is called:

a) Fertilization

b) Pollen-pistil interaction

c) Syngamy

d) Pollination

Pollen-pistil interaction involves recognition and acceptance/rejection of pollen.

42. Which of the following guides the entry of the pollen tube into the embryo sac?

a) Synergids

b) Egg cell

c) Antipodals

d) Polar nuclei

Synergids secrete chemicals that guide pollen tube to embryo sac.

Topic 15: Double Fertilization

43. Syngamy involves fusion between:

a) Two male gametes

b) Male gamete and polar nuclei

c) Male gamete and egg cell

d) Two egg cells

Syngamy is fusion of one male gamete with egg to form zygote (2n).

44. Triple fusion occurs between:

a) Two sperm cells

b) One sperm and egg

c) One sperm and two polar nuclei

d) Two egg cells

Triple fusion forms primary endosperm nucleus (3n) from one sperm + two polar nuclei.

45. Double fertilization is:

a) Unique to gymnosperms

b) Unique to angiosperms

c) Found in algae

d) Absent in plants

Double fertilization (syngamy + triple fusion) is exclusive to angiosperms.

Topic 16: Endosperm and Embryo Development

46. Endosperm develops from:

a) Synergid

b) Antipodal

c) Primary endosperm nucleus

d) Egg cell

Endosperm (3n) develops from triploid primary endosperm nucleus formed by triple fusion.

47. In free nuclear type, endosperm:

a) Forms cell walls early

b) Remains undivided

c) Divides without wall formation

d) Develops into embryo

Free nuclear endosperm has nuclei dividing without cell wall formation initially.

48. In dicot embryo, the two cotyledons are attached to:

a) Radicle

b) Plumule

c) Embryo axis

d) Hypocotyl

Cotyledons are attached to the embryo axis between radicle and plumule.

Topic 17: Seed Development

49. The outer covering of a seed is called:

a) Testa

b) Tegmen

c) Seed coat

d) Pericarp

Seed coat (formed from integuments) is the protective outer covering of seed.

50. Cotyledons in a seed are:

a) Protective structures

b) Embryonic leaves

c) Endosperm

d) Part of fruit

Cotyledons are seed leaves that may store food or become photosynthetic after germination.

51. Embryo develops from:

a) Egg cell

b) Polar nuclei

c) Ovule

d) Nucellus

Embryo develops from fertilized egg (zygote) through embryogenesis.

Topic 18: Fruit Development and Seed Dispersal

52. A true fruit develops from:

a) Ovule

b) Ovary

c) Nucellus

d) Stigma

True fruit develops solely from the ovary after fertilization.

53. A fruit formed without fertilization is called:

a) False fruit

b) True fruit

c) Parthenocarpic fruit

d) Syngamous fruit

Parthenocarpic fruits develop without fertilization (e.g., banana, seedless grapes).

54. Which of the following aids in seed dispersal?

a) Testa

b) Funicle

c) Pericarp

d) Wings/hairs

Adaptations like wings (maple), hairs (dandelion) aid in wind dispersal of seeds.

Topic 19: Apomixis and Polyembryony

55. Apomixis leads to seed formation without:

a) Pollination

b) Fertilization

c) Germination

d) Fruit formation

Apomixis is asexual seed formation without fertilization (common in some grasses).

56. Adventive embryony is a type of:

a) Polyembryony

b) Syngamy

c) Triple fusion

d) Pollination

Adventive embryony (embryos from nucellus/integuments) causes polyembryony (multiple embryos).

57. More than one embryo in a seed is called:

a) Syngamy

b) Apomixis

c) Polyembryony

d) Parthenocarpy

Polyembryony (multiple embryos per seed) occurs in citrus, mango through various mechanisms.