Complete Plant Tissue Development

Complete Plant Tissue Development Flow Chart

1. Embryonic Tissue (ভ্রূণীয় টিস্যু)

Characteristics:

• Undifferentiated stem cells of plants
• Found in shoot/root apices and cambium
• Capable of continuous division

Did You Know? These cells contain dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclei compared to mature cells.

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2. Primary Meristematic Tissue

Protoderm
→ Epidermis

Ground Meristem
→ Cortex/Pith

Procambium
→ Vascular Tissue

Key Fact: Apical meristems cause primary growth (length), while lateral meristems (cambium) cause secondary growth (thickness).

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3. Repeated Cell Division

Cells divide rapidly through mitosis in:

• Meristematic zone: Active division
• Elongation zone: Cells expand

Science: Cell division rate can reach 1 division every 12-24 hours under optimal conditions.

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4. Cessation of Division

Cells stop dividing due to:

• Hormonal signals (auxin/cytokinin balance)
• Positional cues (distance from meristem)
• Environmental factors (light/gravity)

Regulation: The QC (Quiescent Center) in root tips controls stem cell division rates.

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5. Cellular Differentiation

Shape Change
Elongation/Specialization

Wall Thickening
Lignin/Suberin/Cutin

Organelle Mod
Chloroplasts/Vacuoles

Storage
Starch/Tannins/Resins

Example: Xylem cells undergo programmed cell death to become water-conducting vessels.

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6. Functional Specialization

Cells acquire specific roles:

Parenchyma
Metabolism/Storage

Collenchyma
Flexible Support

Sclerenchyma
Rigid Support

Adaptation: Some parenchyma cells can dedifferentiate to form new meristems after injury.

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7. Permanent Tissue System

Dermal Tissue

• Epidermis
• Periderm (bark)

Vascular Tissue

• Xylem
• Phloem

Ground Tissue

• Parenchyma
• Support cells

Final Note: These tissues work together to form complete plant organs (leaves, stems, roots).

Color Code Legend

Embryonic

Meristem

Cell Division

Division Stop

Differentiation

Specialization

Permanent